The MapInfo_MapCatalog contains the bounds of the data within the table. This determines the map view when opening the table as the first map in a window. The bounds are set either by EasyLoader when loading the data, or from MapInfo Pro's Set Minimum Bounding Rectangle tool.
The bounds automatically adjust when inserting or updating spatial objects. If the object is outside the Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR), MapInfo Pro expands the MBR and updates the MapInfo_MapCatalog. Deleting objects from the table does not alter the bounds.